Raw Sockets C Source Code on Linux
The structure of IP Header as given by RFC 791 is :
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source Address | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Destination Address | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Options | Padding | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
The structure of a TCP header as given by RFC 793 :
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source Port | Destination Port | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Sequence Number | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Acknowledgment Number | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Data | |U|A|P|R|S|F| | | Offset| Reserved |R|C|S|S|Y|I| Window | | | |G|K|H|T|N|N| | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Checksum | Urgent Pointer | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Options | Padding | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
To create a raw socket :
int s = socket (PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_TCP);
Another option to make sure the kernel uses the raw headers :
{
int one = 1;
const int *val = &one;
if (setsockopt (s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, val, sizeof (one)) < 0)
printf ("Warning: Cannot set HDRINCL!n");
}
Below is an example code which constructs a raw TCP packet :
Code :
/*
Raw Sockets with LINUX
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<netinet/tcp.h> //Provides declarations for tcp header
#include<netinet/ip.h> //Provides declarations for ip header
//Checksum calculation function
unsigned short csum (unsigned short *buf, int nwords)
{
unsigned long sum;
for (sum = 0; nwords > 0; nwords--)
sum += *buf++;
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);
sum += (sum >> 16);
return ~sum;
}
int main (void)
{
//Create a raw socket
int s = socket (PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_TCP);
//Datagram to represent the packet
char datagram[4096];
//IP header
struct iphdr *iph = (struct iphdr *) datagram;
//TCP header
struct tcphdr *tcph = (struct tcphdr *) (datagram + sizeof (struct ip));
struct sockaddr_in sin;
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_port = htons(40);
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr ("60.61.62.63");
memset (datagram, 0, 4096); /* zero out the buffer */
//Fill in the IP Header
iph->ihl = 5;
iph->version = 4;
iph->tos = 0;
iph->tot_len = sizeof (struct ip) + sizeof (struct tcphdr);
iph->id = htonl (54321); //Id of this packet
iph->frag_off = 0;
iph->ttl = 255;
iph->protocol = 6;
iph->check = 0; //Set to 0 before calculating checksum
iph->saddr = inet_addr ("1.2.3.4"); //Spoof the source ip address
iph->daddr = sin.sin_addr.s_addr;
//TCP Header
tcph->source = htons (1234);
tcph->dest = htons (85);
tcph->seq = random ();
tcph->ack_seq = 0;
tcph->doff = 0; /* first and only tcp segment */
tcph->syn = 1;
tcph->window = htonl (65535); /* maximum allowed window size */
tcph->check = 0;/* if you set a checksum to zero, your kernel's IP stack
should fill in the correct checksum during transmission */
tcph->urg_ptr = 0;
//Now the IP checksum
iph->check = csum ((unsigned short *) datagram, iph->tot_len >> 1);
//IP_HDRINCL to tell the kernel that headers are included in the packet
{
int one = 1;
const int *val = &one;
if (setsockopt (s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, val, sizeof (one)) < 0)
printf ("Warning: Cannot set HDRINCL!n");
}
while (1)
{
//Send the packet
if (sendto (s, /* our socket */
datagram, /* the buffer containing headers and data */
iph->tot_len, /* total length of our datagram */
0, /* routing flags, normally always 0 */
(struct sockaddr *) &sin, /* socket addr, just like in */
sizeof (sin)) < 0) /* a normal send() */
printf ("errorn");
else
printf (".");
}
return 0;
}
Remember to run the above code with root privileges. Raw sockets require root privileges
User wireshark to check the output.
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