Binary Tides

The structure of IP Header as given by RFC 791 is :

0 1 2 [...]

TCP connect() scanning is the most basic form of TCP scanning. The program performs a connect() command on those ports of the target machine which are to be checked. If the port is open then the connect() command will succeed and a connection will be established. If the port is closed the connect() function would [...]

TCP Connect Port Scanner works by trying to establish a connection with every port that is being scanned. If a connectio is established then the port is open otherwise closed.
The steps are simple :

Libpcap is a packe capture library which can be used to sniff packets or network traffic over a network interface. Pcap Documentation gives a description of the methods and data structures available in the libpcap library.

To code a sniffer in C (Linux) the steps would be :
1. Create a Raw Socket.
2. Put it in a recvfrom loop.
A raw socket when put in recvfrom receives all incoming packets. The following code shows an example of such a sniffer. Note that it sniffs only incoming packets. For sniffing all traffic on a [...]

A previous post mentions how to send raw packets using winsock api on windows xp. Winpcap is a packet driver useful for packet capturing and sending raw packets on the windows platform.
Raw means we have to cook the whole packet ourselves. A TCP packet for example consists of:
1. Ethernet header
2. IP header
3. TCP header
4. The [...]

If the length of a string is n and the total number of places is r then the number of possible permutations is nPr or n!/(n-r)! . That is ofcourse a very simple mathematical relation. Only loops would not be a good idea to generate the permutations when n , r are both unbounded and [...]